公共交通设施配套规模研究——以中山市公共交通设施配套标准为例

针对城市公共交通场站用地紧张和居民公交出行不便等问题,文中根据部分城市公共交通配套标准经验,并以土地利用和交通需求等相关理论为基础,构建建设项目公共交通设施配套规模的计算方法。方法根据建设项目的规模,推算项目需要的公共交通设施配套规模,最后以中山市城区的相关交通参数为例,代入模型进行计算,得出中山市公共交通设施配套标准。     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

信江界牌枢纽船闸改建方案

界牌船闸位于信江航道上,为满足信江通航条件变化,船闸改建或扩建是必须的。针对闸位平面布置方案的选定问题,分析比较不同方案,包括征地、施工断航影响、对已有建筑物的影响、施工难度、投资、水流条件等方面。经过分析比较,最终确定改建船闸方案,改建船闸中心线较原船闸轴线向河侧偏移22. 7 m。针对引航道口门区水流条件进行数值模拟及物理模型试验研究,对不利的水流条件进行调整,并根据水流试验条件提出挂板的布置要求。此研究方法对改建船闸工程闸位方案选择确定具有借鉴意义。     

沥口枢纽上游口门区通航水流条件试验研究

船闸口门区通航水流条件的好坏直接影响航运的安全。针对沥口枢纽上游口门区及连接段通航水流条件差、横向流速大等问题,通过建立沥口枢纽河段水工整体物理模型试验,提出在坝轴线上游设置浅坝,调整河道河势及导流墩分流等优化措施。试验结果表明:优化方案下口门区及连接段内水流流态得到明显的改善,通航条件满足规范要求。船模航行试验表明最大通航流量Q_(20%)=4 661 m~3/s,并论证在此方案下通航的安全性与工程可行性。     

新型电力推进车客渡船设计分析

为满足长江车客渡运业对安全、环保、节能减排、车辆重载及经济性的发展需求,通过主尺度、船型、阻力推进、操纵性、船体结构等方面的数值分析与性能优化,结合电力推进系统的系统特性、系统架构、储能装置、变速发电等关键技术分析,设计了综合经济技术优良的新型电力推进车客渡船,实现了船舶重载能力和载重量提高而空载重量降低,操纵性能优化,营运安全性更高,节能减排效果明显。新型电力推进车客渡船设计与优化分析可为电力推进内河车客渡船的设计提供一定参考。     

日照港LNG码头配套航道及防波堤工程方案

日照港岚山港区北作业区规划新增LNG码头,针对其配套航道及防波堤工程平面布置问题,提出3个方案。采用数值模拟方法,推算不同方案下港池、航道,尤其是口门处的测点流速。计算结果表明,工程建设后,港池内各点在防波堤掩护下流速有所降低;受防波堤挑流作用的影响,口门位置处横流流速达到最大;以方案2流速相对较小,且流速大于某一值的持续时间较短。在方案2基础上进行优化,将一段防波堤调整为导流堤,由于导流堤上方可通过一部分水体,堤头附近航道横流有所减小。     

微弯分汊河段枢纽增建鱼道水流条件数值模型试验

大源渡航电枢纽拟增建鱼道,受枢纽总平面布置条件限制,鱼道进口如果布置在电站尾水,则施工难度和投资均较大,存在严重安全隐患。为既确保安全、节省投资,又满足过鱼要求,采用SMS-RMA2模型建立了平面二维水动力数学模型,模拟得出枢纽坝轴线下游一定范围内多种不同工况下的流场图,为在坝址所处微弯分汊河段找到合适的鱼道进口位置提供了可靠的参考依据。为提高过鱼效果,建议在鱼道进口上游侧设置导鱼电栅等拦鱼系统和喷淋水声、灯光等诱鱼系统,帮助鱼类及早发现鱼道入口。     

Effects of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue: an agent-based simulation approach

This paper examines the effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue using an agent-based simulation approach. Simulation results show that passenger mix (that is, the mix of shopper types according to a typology of airport shoppers) has a profound effect on airport retail revenue; the larger the number of ‘shopping lovers’ there are among passengers, the higher the airport retail revenue. Results also reveal that group travel can lead to negative effects on retail in certain terminal layouts, and that the amount of free dwell time that a passenger has can affect spending due to less retail engagement. This paper shows a combined effect of passenger characteristics and terminal layout on airport retail revenue, and discusses the implications of these results for future airport terminal design that aims to maximise retail potential.     

客运枢纽"人群迷路区"的快速识别与优化 ——以北京南站为例

为缓解大型客运枢纽因诱导服务不到位而产生的人流拥堵问题，采用室内WiFi 定位技术和Mysql获取行人交通流分布热力图，通过百度地图坐标拾取系统识别人流聚集区的具体位置。通过定义迷路人群的交通特征参数，提出“人群迷路区”概念；应用视频识别追踪技术，分析行人速度与加速度的方差，于人流密集区运用视频识别技术寻找“人群迷路区”。最后以北京南站为例进行实地调研，利用调研数据识别北京南站的“人群迷路区”。基于人群速度与加速度方差，“人群迷路区”被分为四类：单纯人流聚集区、因标识不足而产生的人群迷路区、因标识过于复杂而产生的人群迷路区、因商业设施或障碍物遮挡而产生的人群迷路区。同时提出加大商业活动监管力度、简化部分引导标识、增加其他交通方式换乘区域标识等优化方法，可使人群行进效率提高约25%。